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Chilblains are characterized by inflammation and redness in some areas of the skin of the body extremities.

These usually appear on the hands and feet, although they can also appear in other areas of the body, such as the nose or ears, which are more exposed to cold and humidity.

In the most serious cases blisters, ulcers or uncomfortable, painful and very itchy wounds may appear.

Why do chilblains appear?

The exact cause of chilblains is not known. However, it is known that they are the consequence of sudden changes in temperature, or prolonged exposure to low temperatures or intense foci of heat.
The low temperatures cause the blood vessels found in the skin to expand faster than they can withstand, causing compression of the surrounding tissues.

Therefore, as the origin of chilblains is not known, there is no specific or fully effective treatment for these lesions. However, Dr. Cristina Costa, podiatrist at FootStudy - Centro de Conhecimento do Pé, expounds some tips to avoid chilblains in the feet:

1. Avoid very hot baths by exposing the extremities to vasodilatation for a more or less prolonged period;
2. Avoid contact with direct sources of heat,
3. Protect the edges from the cold, such as wearing scarf, gloves, cotton socks or natural wool;
4. Avoid footwear that is too tight;
5. Stimulate blood flow by massaging the feet, especially at the end of the bath or after physical activity;
6. Apply moisturizing cream, preferably neutral and always at night;
7. Check for the presence of small red spots or some point of pain. This may mean the onset of chilblains;
8. If you are already in the presence of chilblains, apply a cream rich in vitamin A and Zinc.

If you follow all the tips you will minimise the risk of developing chilblains on your feet.

If you have any of the symptoms listed below, consult your Podiatrist:

• If your feet have some whitish or pale areas;
• If you experience difficulties in mobility or intense pain, with itching;
• If you have redness with foci of pain, with the appearance of small wounds preceded by painful blisters.